Introduction
Aquaculture is the most dynamic and rapidly expanding food production sector. Fish and shellfish have been thoroughly studied in terms of immunostimulants, both at the cellular and hole level. It has been employed as a preventative measure to reduce animal illnesses and diseases, as well as alarm molecules that stimulate the immune system. Modern aquaculture is growing to be more significant component of fish production. Intensification is caused by the rising demand for the fish production and fish products and most ply the role in the commercialization of fisheries and aquaculture. Aquatic systems frequently use antibiotics chemotherapeutics and disinfectants, chemotherapeutics and disinfectants for the treatment of disease; however, this technique breeds drug resistance. Vaccination is also an effective preventive measure, nonetheless outstanding to very incomplete obtainability and pathogen-specific protective impacts, considerable focus takes shifted to use of immunostimulants.
Properties of Immunostimulants
• High impression. • Wide range of activities. • Not harmful adverse implications. • No collection of potentially hazardous compounds. • Zero influence on the environment. • Essentially enhance the immune system’s general defenses. • Simple application for prawns and larval fish. • Cost effective.
Classification of Immunostimulants
For defense, shellfish and aquatic organisms depend on their intrinsic immune response, which is the nonspecific or first line of defense against encroaching invaders. Immunostimulants are feed supplements that boost distinctive (non-specific) deface systems and promote immunity against particular pathogens. Aquaculture studied many immunostimulants, including synthetic compounds, nucleic acids, dietary ingredients, antibacterial substances, both plant and animal extracts and derivatives of bacteria. Some examples of immunostimulants are showing in table 1.
