DEEP WORK

Cells must be able to rapidly respond to changes in their external environment — such as temperature or nutrient availability — to exploit and survive in new conditions. availability 이용할 수 있는exploit 이용하다 Even cells in a multicellular organism need to respond to developmental cues such as signalling molecules to determine when to divide, migrate or die. multicellular 다세포의developmental 발달상의 cues 단..

Limiting inflammatory responsesImmune responses induced by PRRs and by antigenspecific receptors are often highly potent and sterilizing. However, they may also be relatively disruptive and can be associated with tissue damage and the requirement for significant tissue repair and energy consumption119. Many of the constitutive immune mechanisms discussed here not only interfere with microbial r..

Degenerative mechanismsThe second class of constitutive innate immune mechanisms functions through the degradation of danger molecules and elimination of unwanted cells. This class of mechanisms includes autophagy, phagocytosis, proteasomal degradation and nucleases (Table 1). Collectively, degenerative programmes function to continually limit danger signals, allowing for the rapid elimination o..

Targeting microbial replicationDirect inhibition of microbial replication is executed by molecules that interfere with specific steps in the replication cycle of a given microorganism. There are at least six mechanisms of action in this category: restriction factors that directly block a specific replication step; restriction factors that deplete molecules essential for replication; RNA interfer..

A major challenge for living organisms is to maintain homeostasis in response to changes in external and internal environments. These include alterations in nutrient and water supplies, physical stress, temperature changes, physiological stress, infections and malignancies.  homeostasis 항상성 alteration 변화malignancy 악성종양 Through billions of years of evolution, the forms of life and biological proc..