DEEP WORK

SPECIFIC TYPES OF CLONING VECTORS Because E. coli is the main host organism used for manipulating DNA, most vectors are based on plasmids or viruses that can survive in E. coli or similar bacteria. Most vectors have bacterial origins of replication and antibiotic resistance genes.  The polylinker or multiple cloning site is usually placed between prokaryotic promoter and terminator sequences (Fi..

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF CLONING VECTORS Cloning vectors are specialized plasmids (or other genetic elements) that will hold any piece of foreign DNA for further study or manipulation. The numbers and types of plasmids available for cloning have grown. genetic manipulation 유전자 조작  In addition, other DNA elements are now used, including viruses and artificial chromosomes.Once a fragment of DNA has b..

METHODS OF DETECTION FOR NUCLEIC ACIDS Recombinant DNA methodologies require the ability to detect DNA. One of the easiest ways to detect the amount of DNA or RNA in solution is to measure the absorbance of ultraviolet light at 260 nm (Fig. 3.4). DNA absorbs ultraviolet light because of the ring structures in the bases. Single-stranded RNA and free nucleotides also absorb ultraviolet light. In f..

RESTRICTION ENZYMES CUT DNA; LIGASE JOINS DNAThe ability to isolate, separate, and visualize DNA fragments would be useless unless some method was available to cut the DNA into fragments of different sizes. Luckily, naturally occurring restriction enzymes or restriction endonucleases are the key to making DNA fragments. visualize 상상하다endonucleases  ((DNA 혹은 RNA의 사슬을 분해하여 불연속화(不連續化)시키는 효소)) These..

DNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION Basic to all biotechnology research is the ability to manipulate DNA. First and foremost for recombinant DNA work, researchers need a method to isolate DNA from different organisms. Isolating DNA from bacteria is the easiest procedure because bacterial cells have little structure beyond the cell wall and cell membrane. Bacteria such as E. coli are the preferred org..