DEEP WORK

IntroductionInflammation is a protective response by the body to ensure removal of detrimental stimuli, as well as a healing process for repairing damaged tissue (Medzhitov, 2008). Inflammation is caused by various factors such as microbial infection, tissue injury, and cardiac infarction. Classically, inflammation is characterized by five symptoms: redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of tis..

INTRODUCTIONBacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa are capable of causing infection, potentially leading to death of the host. The host immune system acts as a guardian and defends the body from challenge by pathogens. Both innate and adaptive immune systems contribute to the killing and clearance of invading microbes. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of the innate immune system initiate sen..

Transepithelial transport mechanismsTransfer of substances across the intestinal epithelium can occur through either the transcellular route or the paracellular route. Paracellular transport is thought to be due to diffusion and solvent drag. The solvent drag hypothesis has been proposed by Pappenheimer (1993), and predicts that sugars and amino acids may, in part, be transported paracellularly...

IntroductionThe intestinal epithelium is a single cell layer protecting the organism against harmful agents in the lumen, and at the same time it is a site for nutrient, water and ion uptake. Integrity of the barrier and uptake mechanisms is crucial for the health and growth of the animal. However, many internal and external factors can influence the epithelium in both harmful and beneficial way..