DEEP WORK

TROGOCYTOSISTrogocytosis, a form of cell-to-cell interaction widely existing in a species or between different species, involves one cell contacting and quickly “biting” another cell. This interaction was first described in 1970 as part of the process of parasites attacking and killing host cells (1). In 2002,it was given its name from the ancient Greek word “trogo”, which means “nibbling” to de..

IntroductionThe defence system of vertebrates uses sophisticated microbial recognition patterns as a defence mechanism against microbial invasion. On the other hand, pathogens exerts their own invasion and pathogenesis mechanism that are (in most cases) capable of overcoming host defence mechanism, and subsequently establishing infection. The immune defence mechanism including the recognition sy..

INTRODUCTIONThe group of bacterial protein toxins termed pore-forming toxins (PFT) belongs to the family of toxins called membrane-damaging toxins (MDT) which possess the ability to damage or disrupt the integrity of the plasma membrane of various eukaryotic cells (impairment of osmotic balance) reflected by cell swelling and subsequently cell lysis (Bhakdi and Tranum-Jensen 1988; Menestrina and..

INTRODUCTIONBacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and bacteria can cause infections in nearly all host tissues. Furthermore, health care-associated urinary tract infections, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, invasive bloodstream infections, and surgical-wound infections are increasingly common (1, 2). The usual method of treating bacterial infec..